Vehicle door construction



Nov. 10, 1953 c. c. FISH ETAL 90 VEHICLE DOOR CONSTRUCTION Filed Feb. 19, 1951 5 Sheets-Sheet l IIIIIII INVENTORJ 04,? c. #1: g mwa axmazarrkamp A rra/wwsns Nov. 10, 1953 c. c. FISH ETAL 2,658,790

VEHICLE DOOR CONSTRUCTION Filed Feb. 19, 1951 5"SheetsSheet 2 IN VEN TORS (4R4 C. FASH A rra e/vgrs Nov. 10, 1953 c. c. FISH ETAL 2,653,790

VEHICLE DOOR CONSTRUCTION Filed Feb. 19, 1951 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 VIM-"$10,

INVENTORS H 4R1 C. #78

C. C. FISH ET AL VEHICLE DOOR CONSTRUCTION Nov. 10, 1953 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed Feb. 19, 1951 II 4 n n 4 .51!

Nov. 10, 1953 c. c. FISH ETAL ,658,7

VEHICLE DOOR CONSTRUCTION Filed Feb. 19, 1951 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 ELLE INVENTOR$ 09/? C FISH Patented Nov. 10, 1953 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE VEHICLE noon CONSTRUCTION CarlC. Fish and Alfred H. Haberstrump, Detroit, Mich., assignors to Ferro Stamping Company, a corporation of Michigan ApplicationFebruary 19, 1951, Serial No. 211,645

- 14 Claims.

This invention relates to door structuresjan'd refers more particularly to-an improved'swinging door of the type employed on vehicle bodies. It is one of the objects of this inventionto simplify assembly of the door byproviding a construction wherein various accessories or separate parts may be installed as a unit on the door structure.

In accordance with this invention the inner panel of the door is cut away; or in other words, has an opening therethrough below thewindow ledge, and in registration with the well provided for receiving the usual vertically slidable window panel. The opening aforesaid is normallyclosed by a removable plate which isfashioned to support a number of separate partsof the door assembly. In the present instance'one or more of the following parts or accessories may be installed on the closure plate prior to assembling the latter on the door structure. These accessories or door parts are: (1)' the door latch assembly; (2) the remote control for the above; (3) the window regulating mechanism; and (4) the window assembly including the vertical guides for the glass panel.

With the above in view, it is a further object of this invention to "provide a door structure wherein one or more of the above listed parts are attachable to the closure plate to provide a bench assembly capable of being installed as a unit on the door structure. I

The foregoing as well as other objects will be made more apparent as this description proceeds, especially when considered in connection with theaccompanying drawingswhere inz' 1 f Figure 1 is a perspective view of apart of a door structure embodying the features of this invention;

Figure 2 is a perspective view of the bench assembly or the closure plate theinner door panel I l t Figure 3 is a sectionalview through the door structure showing theclosure plateand its associated parts in assembled relationship;

Figures 4, 5, 6, 7,8, 9,10, 11 and 12 are respectively sectional views taken on the lines 4-4, '5 -5, 5--'6, 1--'l,"8-8, 99, Ill-NLiI-ll and lZ-iZofFigureS; I I V Figure 13 is a perspective view showing a slightly modified form of construction;

Figure 14 illustrates another embodiment of this invention and isa sectional view taken on i the line |4l4 of Figure 15;

Figure 15 is a sectional view taken on theline l5|5 of Figure 14; and

for the opening in Figure 16 is a sectional view taken on the line 16-4 6 of Figure 3.

The door structure forming the subject matter of this invention is shown in the several figures of the drawings as comprising an outer panel l0, an inner panel II, and an intermediate section I 2, shaped to form the marginal edge of the door. As shown particularly in Figure '7 of the drawings, the portion I2 is formed by a flange turned outwardly from the inner panel I l and suitably secured tothe outside panel I0.

In accordance with conventional practice, the upper portions of the door panels are fashioned to provide a frame I 3 which forms a window opening 14, as shownin Figure 1 of the drawings. The window frame portion [3 is adapted to receive a window assembly I5 of the ventilator type having a vertically slidable glass panel It and a pivoted glass panel I 1.

As shown in Figure 2 of the drawings, the pivoted panel I! is supported at the front edge of the slidable panel It in a frame I3. In general the frame It has a bottom bar l9 which is curved upwardly and rearwardly at the front end to respectively form the front frame bar 20 and the top frame bar 2|. As is usually the case the glass ventilator panel I! has a frame 22 secured thereto, and provision is made for pivotally connecting the frame '22 to the frame I8 in a manner to permit swinging movement of the ventilator panel about a substantially vertical axis, indicated in Figure 2 by the numeral 23. Any suitable means, such for example, as lugs 24 may be provided on the front bar 20 of the ventilator frame 18 for attaching the latter to the front side of the door frame portion I 3.

The rear side of the ventilator frame I8 is closed by a division bar 25 having a rearwardly opening channel for slidably receiving the front edge of theglass panel l6, and having an extension 25 which projects for a substantial distance below the bottom bar I9 of theframe [8. Thus the division bar 25 forms a vertical guide for the front edge of the glass panel It. The rear edgeof the glass panel 16 is slidably engaged in a forwardly opening channel-shaped guide 21 which is positioned opposite the extension 26 on the bar 25. If desired the upper end of the 'bar 25 may be connected to the corresponding end of the Window guide 27 by an L-shaped frame 28 which is also preferably channel-shaped in cross section to receive adjacent edges of the lass panel 16. Asshownx-in Figure 2 of the drawings the frame 28 has a horizontal part'29 which is secured atits front edge to the upper end of the bar 25, and has a downwardly extending part '30 which is secured to the upper end of the guide 2'! to form a continuation of the latter.

When the window assembly I5 is installed in the door frame [3, the extension 26 on the guide bar 25 and the guide 21 project into the space 3! formed between the outer panel l and the inner panel H. This space is commonly known as a window well, and opens into the bottom of the frame ll through a slot 32 of sufiicient width to freely receive the vertically slidablei window panel It.

With the above in view, reference is mademore in detail to Figures 1 and 3' of" the drawings,

wherein the inner panel H is shown as cut away below the window opening 1.4toprovide. an opening 33 having a length approximating the width of the inner panel I. The opening 33 opens into the space or well 3!, and also opens into the window opening M at the bottom of the latter. The portions 34 of the inner panel surrounding the opening 33 through the inner panel are offset laterally outwardly to form a recess for accom" modating adjacent marginal edges ofa closure plate 35, and the-marginal edges are turned laterally outwardly to provide a reinforcing flange 3%.

As shown in Figures'fi and 7 of the drawings, the front marginal edge of. the plate 35 is offset laterally outwardly to: provide a flange 35 which seats on the: outer surface of the adjacent portion' 34 of the inner door panel H, and serves to reinforce. the plate 35; It will further. be seen from Figures 1 and 2' of the drawings that the portions 34 of the inner door panel have out- 1 wardly embossed portions 31 spaced from each other around the opening 33 and adapted tosea-t in corresponding embossed portions 33 formed in the marginal edge of'theplate 35. The embossed portions 31 and 38 are clamped together by fastener elements 31' having the head portions located within the recesses provided by the embossed portions. These embossed portions also serve to reinforce both the plate 35 and inner doorpanel H. Thus the'plate 35 may bequickly installed on or removed from the inner panel is of the door. It is'pointed out at. this time that when the plate 35 is installed on the inner panel H, the top marginal edge 39' of the plate. coacts with the bottom side: of the window opening M in the outer'panel It to form a window ledge, and to form the slot 32: through which the slidablepanel it may pass into the well 3!.

In the present instance the window assembly I5 is mounted on the plate 35, and is installed on the door as a unit. with the plate35. As shown in Figures 2 and 3 of the drawings, the bottom bar IQ of the ventilator frame is is secured to the ledge portion 39 at the upper side of the plate adjacent the front-end of the latter. For accomplishing this result, suitable brackets 49 are secured to the base of the bottom bar l9 in spaced relationship lengthwise of the bar; and these brackets are bolted, riveted, welded or otherwise secured to the ledge portion 39 of the plate 35-. Aspreviously pointed out the. extension 26 on thedivision'. bar 25 is of sufiicient length to project a substantial distance into the well 3|, and it will be noted from Figure 4 of the drawings that the lower end of the extension 26 is secured to-the plate 35 by an angle bracket 42 and a bolt 43. One flange of the bracket 42 is fixed to the extension 26, and the other flange has a threaded opening for threadably receiving the outer end of the boltv 43. The inner end of the bolt projects through a vertical slot 44 formed in the plate 35, and is clamped to the plate 35 by a nut 45. The purpose of the slot 44 is to permit limited adjustment of the bracket 42 relative to the extension 26.

The vertical guide 21 adjacent the rear edge of the door is secured adjacent opposite ends to the. plate 35 by brackets 45-. As shown in Figures 6 and '7 of the drawings, the brackets. 45 are secured to the inner side of the plate 35 and project outwardly from the plate 35 into the well 3|. The outer ends of the brackets 45 are secured to the base portion of the channel-shaped guide 21.. It follows from the above that the window assembly l5 may be readily attached to Figure 3 of the drawings by the numeral 45.

This mechanism may be any one-of a number of: types" available to. the. trade, and need not. be shown in detail herein. It will suffice. to point out that the window regulator mechanism comprisesa gear segment 41,.a pinion 48 (Figure 10) meshing with the gear segment 41 and suitable clutch mechanism 49 for connecting the operating shaft 50to the pinion 48. The operating shaft 59' projects inwardly from the plate'35, and is positioned for convenient manipulation from the inner side. of the door.

The gear segmentx48. is rotatably supported on the-plate35in a manner to be more fully herein after described, and is secured-to the front. end of anarm 5-!- having the rear end connected to thebottom. edge of: the vertically slidable glass panel l-fil. This connection isindicatedin Figure 3.- as comprising a glass retaining channel 52 securedito the bottom edge of the panel l5 and abracket-53 fixed to'the. channel 52- intermediate the ends of the latter. The bracket has an elongated. slot 54,. and. the rear end ofthe regulator arm. 5| has a pin 55- which slidably engages the slot 54. The arrangement is suchthat rotation of the operating shaft 50in oppositedirec tions-respectively raises-and lowers the vertically slidableglass panel 16'.

orthodox practice the several parts of the window regulator mechanism 46 are usually installed on a mounting plate, which in turn is securedto the'inner door panel. In the present instance it is preferred to dispense with. this conventional mounting: plate, and to assemble the various parts of the window regulator mechanism directly on the closureplate 35, although. such a mounting plate may be provided, and in turn fixed to the plate 35 if desired. In accordance with the present embodiment of this invention the-closure plate is embossedlaterally outwardly as indicated by the reference numeral 55 in Figures- 2: and 3 of the drawings. As shown in Fig-ure- 9: of the drawings, a portion 5iof the embossment 56 adjacent the front edge of the plate 35 provides a support forthe gear se ment 41. The portion 51' is apertured' and a bushing 58-is secured in. the aperture and provides'a hearing for a pivot pin 59. The pivot pin 59 has a reduced polygonally shaped part '50 which extends through a corresponding opening inv the gear segment, and the latter is secured in place on: the-pivot pin by a suitable fastener 5|.

In Figure 10 of the drawings, it will benoted that the embossed part 62; which provides a recess for the pinion 48, has an opening therethrough fashioned to-form a bearing -63? forthe outer-end of the control shaft 50. A It will also be noted from Figure 10- that-the clutch is enclosed in a housing 64 secured to the inner side of the -embossed portion 51, and fashioned to form a bearing 65 for-the inner end portion of the control shaftifl; a

In Figure 11 of the drawings; a stop 66 is shown for "limiting theextentof downward swinging movement of the arm Thestop 66 is in the form of an anglememberhaving a flange 51 positioned in the path of swinging movement of the arm 5|, and having a flange -68 securedto anembossed part 69 of theclosure plate 35 by a suitable fastener element l0. Thefastener element NeXtends through an elongated slot H formedin the embossed portion 69 to permit adjustment of the stop 66 relative to the window regulator arm 5!. I A 4 -It follows from the above that all. of the various parts of the window regulator mechanism 45 are exclusively mounted on the closure plate 35, and may be installed on this plate before the latter is attached to the inner panel II ofthedoor. It will further be noted that since the window assembly 85 is also mounted on the plate 35, the regulator mechanism 46 may beoperatively connected to i the vertically slidable glass panel 16 before the plate35 is installed on the door.

In Figure 2 of the drawings, a latch assembly 12 isshown as attached to the rear end of the closure pate 35. This latchassembly may be of any-desired construction, andneed not be described in detail herein. In the interests of simplicity the disclosure ofthe latch assembly 12. is more or less limited to the latchcasing which is indicated in Figure 12 bythe reference character 73. In accordance with conventional practice the latch casing l3has-angularly disposed parts 74 and 15m The part M is removably secured at verticaly spaced points to the offset flange 3% at the rear edge of the plate 35 by'fasener elements ll3,-and the part 15 is attachable to the adjacent rear edge portion l2 of the inner panel by fastener elements. The arrangement is such that thelatch assembly may be first attached to the closure plate 35 by the fastener elements 56-, so that the latch assembly may be installed on the door as a-unit with the plate 3'5. After the plate35 is installed on the door,.the part 15 of the latch assembly casing 73 is secured to the part It of the inner panel by the fastener elements H. I i

In most vehicle body doors of the type disclosed herein, provision is made at the inner side of the door and at-a point remotefrom the latch assembly 12 for operating the latter. The operating vmeansis usually referred to in the art as a remote control, and is indicated in Figures 2,3 and 3 by the reference numeral 18. The remote control 18 is mounted on a portion 19 of theeinbossment 56,: andhas a control shaft 8B which extends inwardly from the plate-35 so as to be conveniently operated from a position at the inner side of the door. The shaft 80 is journalled in a bracket 8|, which inturn is suitably secured to the embossed portion 19 of .the plate 35, and the inner end of the 'shaftis supported in a mounting bracket 82. The mounting bracket 32 has cars 33 which project inwardly through openings in the embossed portion' is, and are crimped over thelatter. As shown particularly in Figure 8 ofthe drawings, an arm 84 issecured to' theshaft 8|] at the inner side of 'tlie embossediportion i9, and is pivoted at the free end to the front endiof a link 85.,- As shown in Figures Band 5 of the drawings. the link 85 extendsrearwardly along the inner side of .the plate 35, and is bent laterally outwardly to project through a slot 86 formed in the closureplate 35. Thus the rear end of the link is located at the outer side of the plate 35, and is positioned for connection to the latch operating mechanism in the assembly l2. In the present instance the rear end portion of the link 85 is serratedon the-inner surface, and is secured to the rear end ofanextension 81 by a stud B8. The extensional is locatedat the inner side of the link-85, and isserrated to mesh with the Serrations onthe linkfit. Also the extension 81 has any-elongated slot 89 for receiving the stud, and this slot enables adjusting the extension lengthwise of the link 85. The arrangement is such as topermit varying the effective length of the link 435 to-compensate for diiferent distances between the arm 84 and the latch assembly 72. The rear end of the extension 31 is fashioned for connection to the latch bolt operating mechanism, which is not shown herein.

---It follows from the above that the latch assembly l2 and the remote control 78 are also mounted on the plate 35 for installation on the inner panel H as a unit with the plate 35. Attention is further directed to the fact that the above construction enables assembling the remote control link with the latch assembly 12 prior to installing the closure plate 35 on the inner panel I l of the door.

The embodiment of the invention shown in Figure 13-differs fromthe one previously described in that the rear edge of the closure plate 35 is turnedlaterally outwardly to provide an integral flange 90. The flange 9b is embossed intermediate the ends to provide a part 9| which maybe used as a substitute for the latch plate part 15 previously described. The portions 92 of the flange 99 form anchorage parts for the rear Window guide 2? and thereby enable omitting th'e' brackets' 45 previously described.

From the foregoing it will be understood that the closure plate fit, together with all of the above described instrumentalities may be readily installed on the inner panel H of the door after the door structure is properly asembled on the body. In other words the plate 35 and. associated instrumentalities may be produced at a point remote from the body plant, for example, and

installed as an assembly on the door. This arrangement not only simplifies assembly of the door, but in addition, renders it possible to more easily repair or replace any of the instrumentalitiescarried by the plate 35. In any case all of theusual adjustments may be made on the bench before the plate 35 is installed on the door, so

thatonce thisplate. is installed, no further adjustments are required. i

The embodiment of the invention shown in Figures 14 and 15 of the drawings illustrates a door [00 having an outer panel It! and having pillars I02 at opposite sides of the outer panel 10L The pillars 32 are angle shaped in cross section having flanges 13 forming the opposite side edges of the door and having flanges I04 turned laterally inwardly from the inner edges of the flangeslfl3. The outer edges of the flanges I03 are-turned laterallyo utwardly and are'suitablysecured to theouter panel H ll. The inner edges of the flanges I04 are ofi'set outwardly to form'recesses I and are turned outwardly' to provide reinforcing flanges I 06'.

Extending between the lower end portions of the pillars I92 isa sheet IlJ'l which forms the inher. panel of the door. The opposite side edges of the sheet I01 are seated in the recessed portions. I05 of the pillars, and are welded or otherwise'fastened to the pillars.

Thev top edge of the sheet I I6 terminates some considerable distance below the window opening I 4 in the upper portion of the door It!) and the space. between the pillars I92 above the sheet I0! is. closed by a removable plate I88. The plate I108 is very similar to the plate 35 previously described in connection with Figures 1 to. 13 inclusive of the drawings in that it provides a mounting. for the window assembly I5, window regulator 46,,latch assembly 72, and remote control I8 for-the latch assembly.

The opposite edges of thev plate I98 are removably attached to the adjacent flanges I04 of theapillars. I82, and the bottom edge of the plate I08 is removably secured to the top edge of the sheet N31. The manner of fastening the plate I 08 in the assembly may be the same as employed to secure the plate 35 in place. In any case the plate I08 also coacts with the outer panel I ill and pillars I92 to provide the well 3| for receiving the vertically slidable Window of the assembly I5.

The Window assembly I5, regulator mechanism 46, latch assembly l2, and remote control 18 are substantially the same in construction as the corresponding instrumentalities described in connection with the first embodiment of this invention. Accordingly th same reference numerals are used to designate corresponding parts of the. above units. Thereis one difierence, however, in the manner in which the regulator 45 and remote control 18 are mounted. As shown in Figure 14 of the drawings, the regulator mechanism 46 includes a mounting plate N19, which carries the various parts of the regulator and which is secured to the plate I08. Also instead ofmounting the bracket 82 of the remote control I8 directly on the plate IBB, it is fastened to amounting plate ill which is secured to the plate I08.

What we claim as our invention is:

1-. A vehicle body door structure comprising a window panel movable in an up and down direction, inner and outer panels secured together in lateral spaced relation to provide a well for receiving the window panel, the portion of the inner panel forming one wall of the well having an opening therethrough, a plate closing the opening through the inner panel and removably secured to the inner panel, vertical guides having portions positioned within the well to respectively slidably engage opposite side edges of the window panel and secured to the plate for installation on the door structure as a unit with the plate, and a latch assembly at one edge of the door and having a casing secured to the plate for installation on the door structure as a unit with the plate and guides.

2. A vehicle body door structure comprising inner and outer panels spaced laterally from each other to provide a window receiving well therebetween, the inner panel having an opening extending. downwardly from the edge of the inner panel at the top of the well, closure means for the opening including a plate removably secured to the inner panel and having the portion at the top edge coacting with an adjacent. part of the outer panel to provide a window receiving slot 81 at: the top of the well, and door accessory instrumentalities supported on the plate and installed on the door structure as a unit with the plate.

'3'. A vehicle body door structure comprising inner and outer panels spaced laterally from each other to provide a window receiving well therebetween, the inner panel having an opening extending downwardly from the edge of the inner panel at the top of the well, closure means for the opening including a plate removably secured to the inner panel and having the portion at the top edge coacting with an adjacent part of the outer panel to provide a window receiving slot at the top of the well, and. a vertical window guide extending into the well through the slot and secured to the plate for installation on the door structure as a unit with the plate.

4. A vehicle body door structure comprising a vertically slidable window, inner and outer panels spaced laterally from each other to provide a well therebetween for receiving the window, the inner panel having an opening extending downwardly from the edge of the inner panel at the top of the well, closure means for the opening including a plate removably secured to the inner panel and having the portion at th top edge coacting with an adjacent part of the outer panel to provide a window receiving slot at the top of the well, and means supporting the window on the plate.

5. A vehicle body door structure comprisin inner and outer panels secured together in lateral spaced relationship and cooperating'withone another to provide a window receiving well, said inner panel having an opening therethrough registering with the inner side of the well, a closure plate for the opening removably secured to the inner panel, and a window assembly mounted on the plate and installed as a unit with said. plate on the door structure.

6. A vehicle body door structure comprising in combination a window assembiy having a vertically slidable window, inner and outer door panels secured together in lateral spaced relationship and cooperating with one another to provide a well below the window for receiving the latter, said inner panel having an opening therethrough beneath the window assembly and opening into the well, a closure plate for the opening removably secured to the inner panel and having the top edge coacting with the adjacent portion of the outer panel to form a window ledge, and means within the well for guiding the window including vertical guides respectively slidably engageable with opposite edges of the window and mounted on the plate.

7. A vehicle body door structure comprising in combination a window assembly having a vertically slidable window, inner and outer door panels secured together in lateral spaced relationship and cooperating with one another to provide a well below the window for receiving the latter, said inner panel having an opening therethrough beneath the window assembly and opening into the well, a closure plate for the opening removably secured to the inner panel and having the top edge coacting with the adjacent portion of the outer panel to form a window ledge, and means for raising and lowering the window including regulator mechanism housed in the well and mounted on said plate.

8. A vehicle body door structure having in combination an outer panel, an inner panel secured to the outer panel in lateral spaced relation thereto and cooperating with said outer panel to provide a window receiving well, said inner panel having an opening therethrough registering with the well, a plate closing said opening and removably secured to the inner panel, a window assembly having a vertically slidable window and a regulator mechanism connected to the slidable window, said window assembly and regulator mechanism mounted on the plate and installed on the door structure as a unit with said plate.

9. A door structure comprising vertical pillars forming opposite side edges of the door, an outer panel having the opposite side edges respectively secured to the pillars at the outer sides thereof and having a part defining thebottom ledge of a window opening, an inner panel having the opposite edge portions respectively secured to the door pillars at the inner sides thereof and having the top edge spaced a substantial distance below the ledge forming part of the outer panel, a mounting plate for door accessories extending between the pillars above the inner panel having the top edge portion positioned opposite the ledge forming part of the outer panel and coacting with the latter to provide a slot for receiving a window, and means for removably securing opposite side edges of the plate to the respective pillars and for attaching the bottom edge of the plate to the adjacent top edge portion of said inner panel.

10. A vehicle body door structure comprising a window panel movable in an up and down direction, inner and outer panels secured together in lateral spaced relation to provide a well for receiving the window panel, the portion of the inner panel forming one Wall of the well having an opening therethrough, a plate closing the opening through the inner panel and removably secured to the inner panel, and guides for the opposite side edges of the window panel secured to said plate and installed on the door structure as a unit with the plate.

11. The vehicle body structure defined in claim 10, having means in said well for raising and lowering the window panel including regulator mechanism carried by the plate and insertable into the well through the opening in the inner panel.

12. The vehicle body structure defined in claim 11, comprising a latch mechanism at one edge of the door structure, and a remote control device for operating the latch mechanism, said latch mechanism and remote control device being se- 10 cured to the plate for installation on the door as a unit with the plate and regulator mechanism.

13. The vehicle body structure defined in claim 1, said plate having a portion embossed outwardly to form a recess, means for operating the latch assembly from the inner side of the door structure at a point remote from the latch assembly, said means comprising a remote control secured to the plate within the recess and installed on the door structure as a unit with the plate, guides and latch assembly.

14. A vehicle body door structure comprising in combination a window assembly having a vertically slidable window, inner and outer door panels secured together in laterally spaced relationship and cooperating with one another to provide a well below the window for receiving the latter, the inner panel having an opening beneath the window assembly opening into the well, said opening extending downwardly from the edge of the inner panel at the top of the well and extending substantially the full width. of the inner panel, a closure plate for the opening having the marginal edge portion thereof removably secured to the inner panel, the top edge of said plate coacting with an adjacent portion of the outer panel to provide a window receiving slot at the top of the well, means within the well for guiding the window including vertical guides respectively slidably engaging opposite side edges of the window and secured to said closure plate, means for raising and lowering the window including regulator mechanism housed in the well and mounted on said plate, and a latch assembly and remote control for said latch assembly within the well and mounted on said plate for installation as a unit with said plate, regulator mechanism and vertical guides.

CARL C. FISH. ALFRED H. HABERSTRUMP.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,214,892 Budd Feb. 6, 1917 1,699,560 Bourgon Jan. 22, 1929 1,759,193 Grimm May 20, 1930 1,788,390 Goldsmith et al Jan. 13, 1931 1,800,001 Ackermann Apr. 7, 1931 2,145,659 Lane Jan. 31, 1939 2,262,644 Mackey Nov. 11, 1941 2,305,399 Adams Dec. 15, 1942 2,582,394 Rappl Jan. 15, 1952 

